Machiavellis View of Human Nature AND rELIGION

Machiavellis View of Human Nature AND rELIGION Machiavelli had examined this in the start of ‘The Prince’ about the human instinct. Machiavelli had expected and had given the human instinct a dim picture to an outrageous that some feel that he had thought about people to that of creatures. As indicated by Machiavelli human instinct is totally childish and loaded with sense of self and that they generally consider their own personal circumstance like the majority want wellbeing and security and the ruler needs power, and that they are narrow minded to pick up and overcome their thought processes. Machiavelli has depicted people as terrible, malevolent, egotistical, proud and debased. Human needs has no specific cutoff, they are covetous, erotic animal, mean, awful and corrupted and he even goes on to stating that an individual just thinks about himself, their family and their property and to overcome this they are prepared to do anything even to the degree of pardoning their foe, he even says that so as to protect the ir needs they can even excuse the homicide of their dad or any kinfolk so far as that is concerned than the seizure of his property or any mischief to himself. People love themselves first and afterward consider different things and that they are not honest residents. For whatever length of time that the ruler is giving the m the wellbeing and the security that they want that is the security and security of them, their family and that of their property they are satiated and to likewise shield from any outside trespassers, and if the ruler can do this the majority are anything but difficult to administer and the state is all around represented. Concurring tom Machiavelli people utilize the state and the legislature for their own egotistical explanation, benefit and assurance, they quickly begin disdaining or loathing what they can’t accomplish or is hard to accomplish or is out of their span and will intentionally will in general stay away from or postpone it. Machiavelli addi tionally says that human commonly are insidious and forceful, in the expressions of Sabine, â€Å"Human nature is in addition, significantly forceful and rapacious, men plan to keep what they have and to obtain more. Neither in power nor in assets are consistently in actuality restricted by characteristic shortage. As needs be men are consistently in a state of struggle and rivalry which compromises an open political agitation except if checked by the savage powers of the state.† Machiavelli accepts that individuals are voracious and mean ordinarily. People are voracious however brimming with wants. His view in regards to human instinct is that of a high similarity to that of Hobbes. Machiavelli’s sees in regards to legislative issues, religion and profound quality are basically founded on his perspective on human instinct. Machiavelli says that, â€Å"Men are unreasonable, whimsical, tricky, weak and avaricious.† From this it summarizes to the determination that a ruler or a ruler should point preferably to be dreaded over to be adored. Machiavelli says that a ruler ought to ensure the individuals, their families and their properties and he can manage over them with no issue. Machiavelli cites, â€Å"Men love at their pleasure, however dread at the delight of the ruler, who ought to along these lines rely on that which in his own, not upon that which is of others. However he might be dreaded without being detested on the off chance that he shuns contacting their property and their lady sort of his subjects, and on the off chance that he stay away from slaughter aside from when there is acceptable motivation and show legitimization for it is in as much as men all the more effectively overlook the loss of their dad than of their property.† With it he will in general say that man such a grea t amount of is enamored with his needs that he can go to any outrageous and even divert insidiousness to shield it from risk, Machiavelli here additionally makes reference to that separated from property men is likewise shaky of his ladies and that in the event that anybody is peering toward their ladies they will in general be forceful and, at that point it comes up to their conscience, this thought or thought of Machiavelli can be seen even today. Machiavelli’s compete and purpose of human instinct was extremely materialistic, he had dismissed and turned down the philosophies of the Greek logicians Aristotle and Plato who said that the state plans to make the individuals prudent and great, he likewise excuses that existed in the medieval ages that the finish of the state is to smooth the method of a man to endless salvation. Machiavelli as consistently was exceptionally censured for this however as indicated by him, â€Å"The end of the state is material prosperity.† Analysis OF MACHIAVELLI’S IDEA OF HUMAN NATURE Machiavelli’s idea of human instinct is profoundly condemned by numerous individuals till today, by different individuals and on different grounds. Some of them being: Man commonly has a few ideals and isn't absolutely narrow minded. His idea of human instinct doesn't contemplate the general society. His perspectives and thoughts with respect to human instinct are the unadulterated consequence of the perceptions he made and the conditions that won at that specific time in Italy. As per the statement given by Sabine, â€Å"Machiavelli isn't such a great amount of worried about disagreeableness or pride as a general human intention and with its commonness in Italy as a manifestation of social descendance. To him, Italy remains for instance of degenerate society.† So here the analysis is that Machiavelli has give the idea of human instinct as at his time Italy’s political position was unequal and he had watched and composed by that and that his idea may be restricted and not all inclusive. As indicated by Machiavelli’s idea of human instinct man is a creature who is terrible and corrupted and that he can't be transformed by any strategy. In any case, he is here reprimanded with agreement to Plato and Aristotle who have said that all through with the methods for legitimate instruction man can be changed. Machiavelli’s saying that men is prepared to forfeit their kinfolk or relations for the purpose and security of his needs, however Machiavelli here likewise says that the main three needs of man are life, family and afterward property, so how might he surrender one need to meet the other. Most likely that individuals love their property however they adore and have similarly profound respect and love for their family, kin’s and different relations of blood. As per this and remembering the pundits it tends to be said that based on the above give analysis and conversation Machiavelli can't be said as totally right, to some he may me, he and his thoughts may be magnificent to a few yet others may contradict it and it probably won't be as per their enjoying and philosophy. In any case, Machiavelli doesn't make a fantasy he talks and thinks pragmatic and levelheaded and reflects reality and a large portion of his perspectives are pervasive and can be found in the present or current day situation, as in today’s life we excessively watched and believe that individuals have gotten egotistical and that they ponder themselves, a great deal of models can be given from our very own life and what we see of that of others. MACHIAVELLI’S VIEW ON RELIGION Prior to Machiavelli, practically all masterminds and political characters accepted and proliferated and advanced religion as the premise of the state. Plato thought about state as the sole need and religion to be a good and a coordinated piece of the state. Aristotle also accepted that religion was a factor and the reason for the best possible organization of a decent and phenomenal working state, yet Machiavelli as being diverse did too put stock in religion yet his thought and the utilization of religion was absolutely and cleverly unique, he made religion as the route as a reason for the headway and the improvement of the state. All through the medieval times it was the congregation was the predominant and the incomparable and the significant piece of the state and the congregation had political force and controlled the state and the pope of the congregation had preeminent authority even in the influence of governmental issues, as god was dreaded and the congregation was the making of the god so the popes or the dad were given and was considered as a prevailing authority over the situation to that of the state as that the spirit has the preeminent authority over the body, it was during that time that it was accept that the congregation has a prevalent power and position as look at, however Machiavelli was against this thought as he suspected of it diversely and with this and his scholarly considerations he accepted and advanced religion yet with his own bit of thought. It was Machiavelli and his thought that there ought to be a partition of religion from legislative issues; it was Machiavelli who separated f rom religion from governmental issues and isolated them totally from each other like his detachment of morals and good from governmental issues. He accepted that governmental issues connected to something isn't genuine legislative issues and that it ought to be played or administered on one on one premise. Machiavelli, he gave less significance to religion when contrasted with the state. The state as indicated by Machiavelli has no significant connection to the congregation yet it likewise has no connection to God or some other very normal force for the obvious actuality, he says that the state needs religion just as an instrumental item for assisting its own article. As per Allen, â€Å"In Machiavelli’s sees the state can be seen uniquely regarding human desires and hungers and that the fruitful ruler must figure out how to control these forms.† As he gave less significance to religion, he at exactly the same time expressed and acknowledged that ethical quality has a constrained spot in the general public and that they ought to and must be both abused and safeguarded. He in this manner was unmoral and not indecent. Machiavelli imagined that strict factor in the general public is a main thrust which a cunning and scholarly ruler can use to turn the table in the round of legislative issues and use religion for their own favorable position and development of the state. For him the ruler ought to be an astute to utilize religion so that the majority are upbeat thus that it is for the better organization of the state. For this he advanced religion however keeping his own advantage and thought

The Overcoat - Nikolai Gogol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Overcoat - Nikolai Gogol - Essay Example The depiction of the hero underpins the possibility that ecological abuse impacts the person, which may bring about the development of degenerate standards of conduct. From the get-go in the work, the protagonist’s appearance is portrays as customary and rather pallid, expressing â€Å"There is nothing we can do about [the hero appearance], it is all the flaw of the St. Petersburg climate† (Gogol 234). While this announcement at surface worth appears to allude to the climate, it intently matches the bureaucratic atmosphere that, much like the climate, is a huge and bleak power that the hero feels feeble to change. Indeed, even the name of the character, Akaky Akakyevich, intently takes after the Russian expression ‘okakat’ significance to spread with waste, or the term ‘caca’, which is of Greek starting point however alludes to fertilizer in numerous advanced dialects (Paul 1). An equal is drawn between the persecution of the bureaucratic frame work, wherein an assigned position abuses cultural classes, and the mistreatment of the person by his own assignment, for this situation the character’s given name. This is bolstered by in the content by proclamations, for example, â€Å"with us, rank is something that must be expressed before anything else†, featuring the harsh characteristics of individual assignments, for example, rank (Gogol 234). Abuse on numerous levels shapes the qualities of the hero, proposing that natural impacts are answerable for future freak conduct. The hero from the start arranges a reality loaded up with persecution with acknowledgment; be that as it may, when his desires are made higher by the possibility of another jacket, representative of an ascent in the cultural chain of command, the character creates degenerate character characteristics, at last prompting his demise and the fury of his irate soul. The creator portrays the Very Important Person as a character that

How to Manage Increase Customer Retention

How to Manage Increase Customer Retention The success of your business comes from your customers â€" in fact your entire business existence depends upon them. Your business has come into being to solve some needs of your customers in a way that is unique; in a way that your customers get value from the consumption of your products or services. How effectively you are able to do this and how consistently you are able to do this determines the success of your business in the long-run.The ability to attract customers can get business for you in the initial years of operation; however, your long-term viability is determined by how well you can keep your customers coming back to you and doing business with you. © Shutterstock.com | BoBaa22In this article, we will touch upon 1) what is customer retention, 2) why do we need to retain customers, 3) customer retention strategies management, and 4) conclusion.WHAT IS CUSTOMER RETENTION?A business starts operating by attracting and acquiring customers and then expands efforts to keep them coming back for future purchases. Keeping current customers in customer database and turning them into repeat customers is called customer retention.Just as a business makes strategies to attract customers, it also makes strategies to retain customers. Customer retention is all about creating and maintaining long-term relationships with your customers. The customer retention rate is inversely proportional to your defection rate â€" the rate at which people leave you. The lower your defection rate is, the greater will be your customer retention rate because your customers will be highly satisfied with your offering and thus doing business with you.However, calc ulation of customer retention rate is a bit more complicated than it appears to be on the surface. This is because not all customers do an equal amount of business with you. Some customers account for the greater number of sales than others. Therefore, if you are losing five of your customers but these five were the ones bringing in 25 percent of sales for you then in fact by losing these five customers you are losing much more in terms of sale. On the other hand, if these five customers cost you more than the sales they were bringing â€" then good riddance!In order to cater for this complexity, customer retention rate can be calculated using three measures:Retention Rate (Raw Customer): Calculation of the number of customers carrying out business operations with you at the end of the year as a percentage of number of customers doing transactions with you at the beginning of the year;Retention Rate (Sales-Adjusted): The worth of sales generated by retained customers that is a percen tage of the total value of sales generated by all customers doing transaction with you at the beginning of the year;Retention Rate (Profit-Adjusted): The amount of profit earned from retained customers that is a percentage of the total profit generated by all customers doing transactions with you at the start of the year.WHY DO WE NEED TO RETAIN CUSTOMERS?Did you know that acquiring new customers is 7 times more costly than retaining customers? The best way to retain customers is through superior customer service because as stats suggest, 71 percent of customers end the relationship with an organization when they receive poor customer service.On a global basis, a lost customer is worth about $243. And what do 61 percent of customers who leave you do? They go to your competitors â€" as the famous saying goes that if you do not take care of your customers, someone else will!The above stats clearly suggest that it is important for businesses to understand and implement techniques that help in creating loyal customers who can be retained. There are various other benefits that are offshoots of customer retention, including:Positive Word-of-Mouth Generation â€" retained customers who have had positive experiences with you, become your brand ambassadors and will not shy away from giving your business, a positive feedback, and reviews. They will talk positively about you amongst family and friends and post positive online comments regarding you. The customers you retain generate positive word of mouth concerning your business.Lower Customer Acquisition Costs â€" Since you develop a positive reputation in the market â€" courtesy positive word of mouth generated by retained customers â€" it does not cost you too much to convince new customers to do business with you since they are already aware of your business and your quality through word-of-mouth. So you need not spend too much on convincing new customers to do business transactions with you.Increased Sales Revenue â€" The cumulative effect of customer retention leads to an increase in sales and overall revenue you generate because not only would retain customers do business with you through repurchases, they will also bring in new customers for you. Also, your loyal customers will be more willing to buy other products and services from you.Increase Referrals â€" Retained customers would not hesitate in referring their friends and family to you. Whichever industry you are operating in, your retained customers would believe that you are the expert in that particular industry and would refer their friends and family to you in a heartbeat! Studies show that the more business a customer does with you, the more referrals they make as well.A Measure of Customer Satisfaction â€" The more retained customers you have, the safer it is to say that your customers are satisfied because obviously unsatisfied customers will not be retained. Satisfied customers get comfortable making their purchases from you. Customer Loyalty â€" Retained customers become your loyal customers, and loyal customers are more trustworthy of your products/services and are thus willing to pay higher prices for the same quality if need be. They are also less likely to take their business elsewhere in case you increase your prices.CUSTOMER RETENTION STRATEGIES MANAGEMENTCustomer retention strategies are aimed at helping you retain customers. Here are a few things you can do:a.     Build Brand RecognitionMake your brand known to customers so that whenever they require any product or service, they immediately remember you as the provider of that particular product or service. The way to do this is to become an expert in your field, regardless of what it is that you sell to your customers.Customers get retained with market leaders and market experts. This is because when you gain the repute of being the expert in your industry, customers start trusting your quality and, therefore, prefer to do business with you in the long term.Another way of making your brand known in the market to an extent where customers start recognizing is to stand for something. This can be a charitable cause, a social purpose, or projection of any value or positive trait of your business, so people start associating that value to your business. By standing for something meaningful, you will yourself stand out amongst your competitors and have more customers do repeat business with you.b.     Know What Your Customers LikeIt is all about meeting and exceeding expectations. However, how will you do that if you do not know what your customers’ expectations are? Ask specific questions from customers regarding their purchase experience with you and ask for suggestions that can help improve their experience of doing business with you.Take a deep note of the feedback you receive â€" read between the lines and gain a deeper understanding of what customers are expecting. Take note of things that are not up to their expectati ons and work towards improving them, so you are able to retain customers by winning their satisfaction. Also, if there are misleading expectations in their mind, which you will never fulfill, it is best to clarify the customers regarding these misconceptions so they can correct their expectations from you rather than get disappointed.Your customers’ experience with you should be as painless and as free from friction as possible â€" make an effort to do so. Conservative spenders find it difficult to part with their money â€" they feel guilty when they spend. In order to convince them to spend and to reduce these feelings of guilt, you must reduce the pain and friction associated with making a business transaction.You can do this for your customers by giving them bundle offers or by using reassuring words such as ‘costs $400 only’ and ‘negligible service charges of $25’. Such words make customers feel they are not overspending, help in justifying their purchase and also make them feel that they are getting a good deal.A personalized purchase experience delights customers. Personalize the experiences of regular customers at your company, so the customers feel important and valued, and feel like their interests are being given weightage.c.     Monitor/Track Metrics for Customer RetentionYou must have heard the famous saying ‘you cannot improve what you cannot measure. By this definition, unless you measure customer retention, you will not be able to improve it.You can measure customer retention by predetermining and predefining Key Performance Indicators (KPI) regarding your customer service. By measuring execution of customer service against these KPIs can help you track or monitor your performance as a business and give you an insight as to what the chances are that your customer will get retained with you, based on how well you achieved your KPIs.The more KPIs you achieved, the better customer service you delivered during the period thus, the more c hances you have of retaining customers during the period.Also, you must remember that an improvement in customer service can help enhance customer retention rates. Therefore, whichever KPIs of customer service you lack behind, improve upon them and see a surge in your customer retention.Even though there may be different formulas for calculating customer retention rate, the most widely used formula requires you to know:CE â€" Number of customers at the year’s endCN â€" Number of new customers acquired during the yearCS â€" Number of customers with whom you started the year withCR = {(CE â€" CN) ÷ CS } X 100This means that your customer retention rate can be calculated by dividing the difference between the number customers at the end of the year (60) and the number of new customers of the period (20) with number of customers at the beginning of the year (50). Turning this amount (0.8) into the percentage by multiplying with 100 will give you your retention rate (80%).d.     Offer Loyalty ProgramsYour customers are looking to get value for their money by doing business with you. The more value they feel, the easier it will be for you to retain them and make them come back to you for repeat purchases. Ideally, every business looks out for ways to add value for customers without having to add to their cost. A way of doing this is by offering loyalty programs as a reward for their loyalty.Loyalty rewards are directly proportional to the amount of spending â€" so the more your customer spends, the higher the reward. The frequent flyer programs are designed based on this philosophy. Offering gift vouchers to customers is another example of loyalty awards. When customers are rewarded for the loyalty they show towards a business, they get further motivated to become even stronger loyal customers.There are five types of values you need to understand so you can create them for your customers:Cash Value â€" How much cash would your customers be offering to pay in exch ange for the reward they will receive for it. Is that worth it?Redemption Value â€" what is the depth of the rewards they will be getting? What variety of rewards are you offering?Aspirational Value â€" What is the desire of your customer for wanting the reward you have set for them?Relevance Value â€" How relevant are the rewards for your customers? Are they achievable and realistic?Convenience Value â€" How easy is it for participants to get their rewards.e.     Foster Positive Relationships with the CustomersHow well you bond with your customers is a highly important factor that can help you with retaining them. The more familiar your customers become with you, the greater the bond they form with you â€" a positive relationship with your customers is going to help you retain them.Healthy and positive interpersonal relationships generate trust and win the commitment of the customers towards your business. They also help in reducing uncertainty in the minds of customers regarding y our products/services. By consciously trying to create a bond with customers by fostering positive relationships, you can improve your customer retention rates.f.     Quality Matters More Than SpeedIt does not matter how fast you are going if you are going in the wrong direction because regardless of your speedy travel, you will not have reached your desired destination. Therefore, the quality of your customer service is more important the speed of your customer service, per say.A Gallup survey reveals that customers are nine times more likely engaged in businesses whose customer service they perceive to be courteous, helpful, reasonable, and willing. So speed is a secondary factor whereas giving quality service is the primary factor that helps in customer retention and improves customer retention rate.g.     Embrace Low-Cost MethodIdeally, customer retention can help you save costs by making you spend lesser on your advertising efforts and on other efforts required to attract new c ustomers. Out of the various customer retention strategies and ideas available with you, invest on those which you can easily afford. By embracing a low-cost method, you will ensure getting good value for your money by investing as little as possible for benefits that you enjoy in the shape of increased customer retention rates.CONCLUSIONCustomer retention strengthens your business in the marketplace by providing you a following of loyal customers that stick with you. Change how you approach customers because studies say that you can avoid customers leaving you just by listening to what they have to say regarding the product/service, you are offering. Listening to their feedback makes them feel valued, and you never know you might come across a productive change as a result of listening to your customers’ feedback! Improvements as a result of listening to customers’ feedback can delight your customers, enable you to meet their expectations in a better way and at the end of the d ay, retain customers for your business!All businesses these days work hard towards increasing their customer retention rates by coming up with new and improved retention strategies. This effort is worth it and repays the business because the longer you retain a customer, the greater profitability they generate for your business because the value of your customers increases with time. This is a huge incentive for businesses to invest in their customer retention strategies because they know they will be getting a return on their investment soon.Starting with design and implementation of customer retention strategies in earlier years of business operation will help you reap the benefits quicker. The longer you take to focus on customer retention, the longer it will take to win customer loyalty and the more time it will take you to reap the benefits of customer retention. So start early and manage customer retention effectively!